Papers, 1746-1900.

Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813

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Benjamin Rush (January 4, 1746 [O.S. December 24, 1745] – April 19, 1813) was a Founding Father of the United States who signed the United States Declaration of Independence, and a civic leader in Philadelphia, where he was a physician, politician, social reformer, humanitarian, and educator and the founder of Dickinson College. Rush attended the Continental Congress. His later self-description there was: "He aimed right." He served as Surgeon General of the Continental Army and became a profess...

Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790

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Benjamin Franklin FRS FRSA FRSE (January 17, 1706 [O.S. January 6, 1706] – April 17, 1790) was an American polymath who was active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and political philosopher. Among the leading intellectuals of his time, Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, a drafter and signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, and the first United States postmaster general. As a scientist, he was a major figure in ...

Napoléon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821

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Napoleon Bonaparte was a general of the French Revolution (1789-1799); the ruler of France as First Consul of the French Republic from November 11, 1799, to May 18, 1804; Emperor of the French and King of Italy under the name Napoleon I from May 18,1804, to April 6,1814; and briefly restored as Emperor from March 20 to June 22, 1815. He conquered much of Europe but lost two-thirds of his army in a disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812. After his final loss to Britain and Prussia at the Battle of...

Vaughan, Sarah, 1924-1990

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Vaughan, Samuel, Jr., 1762-1827

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Samuel Vaughan, the son of Samuel and Sarah (Hallowell), was born in 1762. He was a merchant and sugar plantation owner in Jamaica and never married. He probably died in 1827. Several published works have confused him with his father Samuel Vaughan, stating that he died in 1802. From the guide to the Vaughan Family Papers, 1768-1950 (Massachusetts Historical Society) ...

Vaughan, Samuel, 1720-1802

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Samuel Vaughan (1720-1802), a London merchant and Jamaican sugar plantation owner, married Sarah Hallowell (1727-1809) of Boston in 1747. The couple had ten children. Samuel Vaughan died in 1802. His wife Hannah died in England in 1809. Their properties in Jamaica and Hallowell, Me. were divided among their children. From the description of Vaughan Family Papers, 1768-1950 (Massachusetts Historical Society) ...

Sparks, Jared, 1789-1866

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Jared Sparks (1789-1866) was the President of Harvard University from February 1, 1849 to February 10, 1853. He was also a Unitarian minister, editor, and historian. Jared Sparks was born to Joseph Sparks and Elinor (Orcut) Sparks on May 10, 1789 in Willington, Connecticut. Sparks was one of nine children and came from a family of modest means. When he turned six years old, Sparks went to live with an aunt and uncle in Camden, New York, to help relieve the family of a mout...

Bowdoin College

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Gardiner, Robert Hallowell, 1782-1864

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Agriculturalist, public benefactor, landowner, trustee of Bowdoin College, and president of Maine Historical Society; resident of Gardiner, Me. From the description of Robert Hallowell Gardiner papers, 1770-1907. (Maine Historical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 82154320 ...

Appleton, Jesse, 1772-1819

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Jesse Appleton (1772-1819), a theologian and educator, was elected the second president of Bowdoin College in 1807. From the description of Letters, 1792-1813. (American Antiquarian Society). WorldCat record id: 191259114 American clergyman and educator. From the guide to the Jesse Appleton letter to Rev. Jedidiah Morse, 1806, (The New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division.) ...

Freeman, James, 1759-1835

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Allen, William, 1770-1843

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American Quaker and abolitionist. From the guide to the William Allen letter to Dr. C.P. Pennock, 1830, (The New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division.) British Chaplain in Lisbon. From the description of Autograph letters signed (2) : Lisbon, to Sir Philip Francis, 1774 Apr. 22 and 1779 Mar. 17. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270131854 British chaplain in Lisbon. From the description of Autograph letters signed (4) : Lisbon,...

Banks, Joseph, 1743-1820

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José Francisco Correia da Serra was a Portuguese scholar, naturalist and diplomat. From the guide to the José Francisco Correia da Serra letters, 1810-1823, 1810-1823, (American Philosophical Society) English naturalist From the guide to the Sir Joseph Banks letters, 1802, 1803, 1804, (The New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division.) Scientist and explorer. President of the Royal Society. From the description of Letters and pa...

Vaughan, William Oliver, 1783-1826

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William Oliver Vaughan (1783-1826) was the son of Benjamin and Sarah Manning Vaughan. William Oliver was a gentleman farmer, ship owner, and merchant, primarily involved in the export of lumber and fur, in exchange for various commodities from the West Indies and elsewhere. In 1806, William Oliver married Martha Agry (d. 1856) and they had seven children. Benjamin Vaughan (1751-1835) was born in Jamaica to Samuel and Sarah Hallowell Vaughan. Benjamin resided in Engla...

Mitchill, Samuel L. (Samuel Latham), 1764-1831

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Physician Joseph Carson taught medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. The College of Philadelphia's Medical School, founded in 1765, became known as the University of Pennsylvania, Dept. of Medicine In 1779. From the guide to the Joseph Carson letters, 1789-1858, 1789-1858, (American Philosophical Society) Physician and naturalist. From the description of Papers, 1792-1928. (Duke University). WorldCat record id: 35203561 Mitchill (Edinburgh, M.D. 17...

Cleaveland, Parker, 1780-1858

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Parker Cleaveland (1780-1858) was a professor at Bowdoin College from 1805 until his death in 1858. For the school terms 1840-41, 1841-42, and 1842-43, he was Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Natural Philosophy, as well as Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory, and Lecturer on Civil Polity. From the description of Lecture notes, c. 1840? (American Antiquarian Society). WorldCat record id: 191259246 Parker Cleaveland (1780-1858) was a scientist and professor of chemistry, ...

Priestley, Joseph, 1733-1804

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Joseph Priestley was an English clergyman, political theorist, and physical scientist whose work contributed to advances in liberal political and religious thought and in experimental chemistry. He is best remembered for his contribution to the chemistry of gases. He relocated to Northumberland, Pa. From the description of Joseph Priestley papers, 1777-1835. (Pennsylvania State University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 53101438 Priestley and Vaughan, amongst others, founded...

Dexter, Aaron

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Manasseh Cutler worked as a clergyman and botanist. From the guide to the Manasseh Cutler papers, 1777-1790, 1777-1790, (American Philosophical Society) ...

Locke, John, 1632-1704

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Bills for general naturalization of groups of immigrants were proposed several times during the later Stuart period. Locke's paper most likely relates to a bill introduced in December 1693. From the description of For a generall naturalization : manuscript, 1693. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 612887619 Philosopher. From the description of Letter of John Locke, 1698. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 71014952 English philosopher. From...

Warren, John Collins, 1778-1856

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John Collins Warren, surgeon and naturalist, was born in Boston in 1778, the son of Harvard physician John Warren and Abigail (Collins) Warren. He graduated from Harvard College in 1797 and began the study of medicine with his father. From 1799 to 1802 he studied medicine in Paris and London. When he returned, he went into practice with his father. In 1809, Warren became adjunct professor in anatomy and surgery at Harvard Medical School and in 1815 succeeded his father as professor, a position h...

Manning, William, 1767-1849

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Snow, Gideon.

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